Magnetic nanofibers (MNFs) are integrated with a variety of properties, such as large surface area, high porosity, small size effect and apparent magnetism. This enables MNFs to possess excellent properties of both nanofibers (NFs) and magnetic materials, which greatly widens the application of the original magnetic materials. A brief review of the properties of MNFs, fabrication techniques, and their emerging applications which include biomedical application, sensing and electronic devices, wastewater treatment and microwave absorption is presented. Finally, the development trend and prospect of MNFs in future are summarized and discussed.

Melt Electrospinning is a technique capable of producing nanofibers with the advantage of being eco-friendly, cost effective, and be applied in many areas such as nonwovens with high performance, biomedicine, high efficiency filtration, oil sorption, and many others. This chapter describes the current trends on melt electrospinning including advancements in the technique, processing characteristics, latest processing techniques, materials, apparatus, and areas of applications. Melt differential electrospinning which is a new technique for ultra-fine fiber production invented by our innovation team of advanced polymer processing, has been introduced. Future perspectives on melt electrospinning also proposed.

Key Words: Electrospinning; melt electrospinning; nanofibers; applications. 

Energy and environment are two major problems facing mankind today. Developing environment-friendly and energy-saving technology has always been the focuses of researchers all over the world. Batteries, supercapacitors, and fuel cells are three widely used or promising devices that can ease the energy and environmental pressures. However, there are still many problems and deficiencies that need to be solved or improved, such as low capacity, low-power density, and poor durability. In order to address these drawbacks, nanofibers are introduced into the application of electrode and electrolyte fabrication because of the high specific surface area, interpenetrating network, and strength. This section will introduce the applications of nanofibers in batteries, supercapacitors, and fuel cells in detail.

Keywords

Energy production Energy storage Nanofibers Batteries Supercapacitors Fuel cells Electrode materials Membrane materials 

Marine Oil spills have become a serious environmental problem, and contribute to severe impacts and economic losses. Fast and efficient cleanup of oil from marine environment is vital. The use of sorbents is one of the most efficient techniques in removing oil from water. In this work, pure polypropylene (PP) ultrafine fibers with 2 μm diameter were prepared by air assisted melt electrospinning device to be used as oil sorbent. Two fiber samples were used in this study, fluffy, cotton like appearance and oriented, cloth like appearance with different porosities. The influence of temperature change on oil/water mixture was studied. Fluffy fibers showed a better performance in sorption capacity. Results indicated that change in temperature was an important factor in determining the sorption capacity of the fibers. Additionally, in contrast to solution electrospinning, melt electrospinning is safer, cost effective and …

New composite polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)/polypropylene (PP) membranes were prepared by combining both solution electrospinning and melt electrospinning methods. Self‐designed and made needleless melt electrospinning device was used to fabricate PP membranes which acted as the support layer. PVA membrane on the surface was fabricated via solution electrospinning. The electrospun PVA/PP composite membranes were characterized by the pore size distribution, pure water flux, and rejection ratio, then compared with general composite membranes. Characterizations revealed that the fiber diameter of solution electrospun PVA membrane and melt electrospun PP membrane were 0.171 ± 0.027 and 2.24 ± 0.33 μm, respectively, and the average pore size was 0.832 μm and 27.29 μm, which was much smaller than the nonwoven membrane. The rejection ratio to the 500 nm particles of the PVA/PP …

ABSTRACT:- For electrical drives good dynamic performance is mandatory so as to respond to the changes in command speed and torques, so various speed control techniques are being used for real time applications. The speed of a Three Phase Induction Motor can be controlled using various controllers like PID Controller, Fuzzy Logic Controller, Genetic Algorithm (GA) controller and Hybrid FuzzyGenetic Controller. Fuzzy-Genetic Controller is recently getting increasing emphasis in process control applications. The paper describes application of Hybrid Fuzzy-Genetic Controller in an enhancement of Static & Dynamic Response of the Three Phase Induction Motor under the effect of the external disturbances and noise that uses the Fuzzy-GA Controller for enhancement of Static & Dynamic Response of the Three Phase Induction Motor under the effect of the external disturbances and noise is implemented in MATLAB/SIMULINK. The simulation study indicates the superiority Hybrid Fuzzy-Genetic Controller over the Genetic Algorithm and fuzzy logic controller separately. This control seems to have a lot of promise in the applications of power electronics. The speed of the Three Phases Induction Motor Drives can be adjusted to a great extent so as to provide easy control and high performance. There are several conventional and numeric types of controllers intended for controlling the Three Phase Induction Motor speed and executing various tasks: PID Controller, Fuzzy Logic Controller; or the combination between them: Fuzzy-Swarm, Fuzzy-Neural Networks,  Fuzzy-Genetic Algorithm, Fuzzy-Ants Colony. We describe in this paper the use of Hybrid FuzzyGenetic Controller for enhancement of Static & Dynamic Response of the Three Phases Induction Motor Drives under the effect of the external disturbances. In this case, the obtained results were simulated on Simulink of Matlab.

Keywords: Fuzzy Logic Controller (FLC), Genetic Algorithm (GA), Hybrid Fuzzy-Genetic Controller (FLC-GA) 

Solventless melt electrospinning which allows mass production is substantially safe. It can produce fibres of hundreds of nanometres, one order of magnitude lower than that of conventional melt-blown spinning. In this paper, a comparison between different technologies producing ultra-fine fibre reveals the advancement of melt electrospinning method using umbellate spinneret for ultra-fine fibre mass production. Some typical industrial polymer materials was also spun using melt electrospinng method, including biodegradable materials like polylactic acid and polycaprolactone (PCL), which may contribute to some interesting applications. In addition, a machine for mass production is also proposed. Finally, proposition of the industrialisation of ultra-fine fibre by melt electrospinning is discussed.

Ultrafine polypropylene (PP) fibers as oil sorbents were fabricated via a needleless melt‐electrospinning device and were characterized by scanning electron microscopy and contact‐angle analysis. PP fibers of various diameters and porosities were obtained by the manipulation of the applied electrical field. The effects of the fiber diameter and porosity on the oil‐sorption capacity and oil‐retention behavior were investigated. The experimental results demonstrate that for fiber diameter on the microscale, the porosity played a paramount role in determining the oil‐sorption capacities. The maximum oil‐sorption capacity of the resulting PP fibers with regard to motor oil and peanut oil were 129 and 80 g/g, respectively; these values were approximately six to seven times that of commercial PP nonwoven fabricated through the melt‐blown method. In addition, even after seven sorption/desorption cycles, the oil‐sorption 

In this study, polypropylene was mixed with three different pore-forming agents (nanometer cal-cium carbonate, paraffin and inorganic hybrid salts) to form three blended systems which were used to pro-duce composite fibers by self-made melt differential electrospinning device. Polypropylene fibers withrough surface and microporous were prepared after removing above-mentioned pore-forming agents. Thesurface morphological structures of these polypropylene fibers were characterized. Results showed that theaverage diameter of polypropylene-nanometer calcium carbonate composite fibers (8.22 μm), polypropylene-paraffin composite fibers (8.67 μm) and polypropylene-inorganic hybrid salts composites fiber (6.08 μm) wasless than pure polypropylene fibers (12.10 μm); the diameter of composite fibers was not reduced with theincreasing of melt index; polypropylene fibers without nanometer calcium carbonate comprised microporoushaving different sizes and uneven distribution, polypropylene fibers without paraffin had rough surface andstrip or bulk dents, polypropylene fibers without inorganic hybrid salts comprised microporous having rela-tively small sizes and even distribution. These three polypropylene fibers were all able to increase the hydro-philicity or hydrophobicity of materials. Furthermore, the number of Taylor cone was increased by using as-sistant air flow. Taylor cone contributed to the stability of jet flow and the refining of composite fibers whenTaylor cone increased to a certain number.

Abstract: For electrical drives good dynamic performance is mandatory so as to respond to the changes in command speed and torques, so various speed control techniques are being used for real time applications. The speed of a DC motor can be controlled using various controllers like PID Controller, Fuzzy Logic Controller, Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and Hybrid Fuzzy-PSO Controller. Fuzzy-PSO Controller is recently getting increasing emphasis in process control applications. The paper describes application of Hybrid Fuzzy-PSO Controller in an enhancement of stability and accuracy of the SEDC Motor under the effect of the external disturbances and noise that uses the Fuzzy-PSO Controller for enhancement of stability and accuracy of the SEDC Motor under the effect of the external disturbances and noise is implemented in MATLAB/SIMULINK.  The simulation study indicates the superiority Hybrid FuzzyPSO Controller over the Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and fuzzy logic controller separately. This control seems to have a lot of promise in the applications of power electronics. The speed of the SEDC motor can be adjusted to a great extent so as to provide easy control and high performance. There are several conventional and numeric types of controllers intended for controlling the SEDC motor speed and executing various tasks: PID Controller, Fuzzy Logic Controller; or the combination between them: FuzzySwarm, Fuzzy-Neural Networks, Fuzzy-Genetic Algorithm, Fuzzy-Ants Colony, Fuzzy-Particle Swarm Optimization. We describe in this paper the use of Hybrid Fuzzy-PSO Controller for enhancement of stability and accuracy of the SEDC Motor under the effect of the external disturbances and noise We describe in this paper the use of Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) for designing an optimal fuzzy logic controller of a SEDC Motor. In this case, our approach will optimize the membership functions of a fuzzy logic controller (FLC) using PSO and the obtained results were simulated on Matlab environment.

Keywords: Separately Excited DC Motor (SEDC), Fuzzy Logic Controller (FLC), Particle Swarm Optimization(PSO).